The Parliament operates in accordance with the rules and regulations established by the Parliament. The President has the authority to call a session of the two Houses of Parliament, as well as to call a session to a halt and dissolve the Lok Sabha. However, under the Constitution, the President is required to call at least two sessions of Parliament each year, with no more than a six-month break between them. In practise, the Indian Parliament meets three times a year. The courses are usually held in the months of January and February, July and August, and October and November. These are referred to as the Budget session, the Monsoon session, and the Winter session, in that order.

Every year, the First Session of Parliament begins with the President's address. In this presentation, the President reviews the country's current conditions and announces the government's policies and agenda for the coming year. This speech was written by the Prime Minister and approved by the Cabinet. The President merely reads it aloud on the House floor. Following extensive debate, the Parliament approves a Vote of Thanks to the President, which has the same effect as acceptance of the government's programme. However, before the House passes the Final Vote of Thanks, there is a lot of debate about the Government's Policy.

Legislative Procedure:

Both houses adhere to the same legislative procedure. A bill other than a Financial or Money Bill may originate in either House of Parliament, according to the provisions of the Constitution.

Only when both houses have passed it is it delivered to the President for his signature. If the two houses are unable to reach an agreement on a certain law, the President can resolve the matter by calling a joint session of the two houses. The decision is made at a joint session by a majority of the members present and voting in both chambers.

An ordinary or non-money bill has to pass through the following stages in each house:

1. First Reading Stage:

At this point, the bill's sponsor reads the title. In general, he delivers a brief speech outlining the bill's goals and objectives. Following that, the bill is voted on in the House, and it is published in the Gazette. The measures introduced by ministers (known as Government Bills) are immediately published in the Gazette.

2. Second Reading Stage:

The measure is then read aloud for the second time. The general ideas of the bill are considered at this stage. It is worth noting that the law as a whole is considered, and no amendments are allowed at this point.

3. Committee Stage:

Following the second reading, the bill is referred to the appropriate house or joint committee committee. The committee thoroughly examines the bill's numerous aspects and makes appropriate modifications and amendments.

4. Report Stage:

The committee submits a report to the house after its deliberations are completed. The house then thoroughly discusses this report. The bill's numerous parts are discussed, and each clause is voted on separately. At this point, modifications to the bill can be proposed.

5. Third Reading Stage:

At this stage, only general discussion on the bill takes place and the final voting on the bill is held. No amendments can be introduced at this stage.

6. Stage of Passing by Other House and President's Assent:

The bill is communicated to the other house after it has been passed by one house. As a result, it must go through all of these stages again. If the bill is approved by the other house, it is sent to the President for his signature. The bill, on the other hand, is not passed if the other house refuses to pass it or makes revisions that are unacceptable to the first house. If the government so wants, the President may resolve the disputes through a joint session of the two houses.

Financial Procedure:

The procedure for enacting the Money or Financial Bill differs slightly. It can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha and on the President's advice. Money Bills can only be introduced by ministers. After the Lok Sabha passes a Money Bill, it is sent to the Rajya Sabha for recommendations. The Rajya Sabha is required to make these recommendations within 14 days. If the Rajya Sabha does not make any suggestions or take any action within this period, the bill is considered to have been passed by both houses and is sent to the President for his assent.

Even if the Rajya Sabha returns the bill with suggestions within 14 days, it is up to the Lok Sabha to adopt or reject them. To summarise, the Rajya Sabha can only postpone the passage of a Money Bill for a maximum of 14 days.

President's Assent:

A bill is given to the President for his assent after it has been enacted by Parliament. In the case of Money Bill, the President's approval is merely a formality. However, in the case of Non-Money Bills, the President may withhold his approval and send the bill to Parliament for reconsideration. However, if the bill is re-passed by the two Houses of Parliament, with or without revisions, the President must sign it.

The Constitution makes no provision for a time restriction for the President to convey his approval. This is obviously a severe disadvantage in that the President can obstruct the passage of a law authorised by both Houses of Parliament by 'simply pocketing' it, i.e. not acting on it.

Committees Helpful in Parliamentary Working:

To deal with the increased workload, the Indian Parliament established a number of committees. These committees play an important role in the functioning of the Indian Parliament. These committees' members are appointed by the Speaker or elected by the House from among its members. These committees have the authority to summon witnesses and collect evidence by requesting official papers and records.