Executive Powers:

1. Real Executive:

The Council of Ministers is the real executive. All executive powers of the President of India are really used by the Council of Ministers.

2. Policy-Making:

The Cabinet develops policies that are then presented to Parliament for approval. It obtains Parliamentary approval for these measures and then implements them. It manages the Union's administration in accordance with the policies that have been established. The Cabinet/Prime Minister coordinates and controls the operations of all government ministries. The Cabinet develops foreign policy as well as all domestic measures deemed vital for the country's overall development.

3. Running of Administration:

The Cabinet is in charge of running the administration in accordance with the laws and policies. It is responsible for maintaining the country's law and order. Every minister is in charge of one or more departments. The administration of a department is run under his leadership. The departments make day-to-day decisions in conformity with the Cabinet's policies.

The Council of Ministers is jointly and severally liable to the Lok Sabha for all of its policies and decisions. Any failure on any front can lead to the ministry's demise. Similarly, each minister is individually accountable to the Lok Sabha for the operation of the department or departments over which he presides.

4. Functions during as Emergency:

The President's use of Emergency Powers is always done with the Prime Minister's and his Council of Ministers' advice. Only with the Cabinet's approval may the President declare an emergency. He takes all necessary efforts to address the emergency in accordance with the Prime Minister's and his Council of Ministers' advice. The Cabinet bears the primary duty for dealing with an emergency.

5. Appointment-Making Powers:

The President appoints Governors, Ambassadors, Envoys, High Commissioners, Consuls, Supreme Court and High Court Judges, Military Commanders, members of the UPSC, Election Commission, Planning Commission, and others on the suggestion of the Prime Minister and Cabinet.

6. Treaty-Making and Defence Functions:

All treaties and other foreign agreements are negotiated and signed on behalf of the President by the ministers. A fundamental responsibility of the Cabinet is to prepare for the country's defence by organising and modernising the Army, Air Force, and Navy, as well as developing an appropriate defence and nuclear policy.

As a result, the Council of Ministers wields genuine executive authority. Its operations are dominated by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.